{"id":909,"date":"2022-02-23T20:42:06","date_gmt":"2022-02-23T12:42:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.xianwaizhiyin.net\/?p=909"},"modified":"2022-06-11T02:42:25","modified_gmt":"2022-06-10T18:42:25","slug":"%e8%b7%af%e5%be%84mtu%e5%8f%91%e7%8e%b0%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.xianwaizhiyin.net\/?p=909","title":{"rendered":"\u8def\u5f84MTU\u53d1\u73b0\u6280\u672f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u672c\u4e66 \u300a\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u5165\u95e8\u300b \u91c7\u7528\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u662f \u57fa\u4e8e linux \u5185\u6838 4.4.4 \u7248\u672c\u7684\u3002linux \u5185\u6838\u6e90\u7801\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5730\u5740\uff1a <a href=\"https:\/\/mirrors.edge.kernel.org\/pub\/linux\/kernel\/v4.x\/linux-4.4.4.tar.gz\">mirrors.edge.kernel.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728 \u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.xianwaizhiyin.net\/?p=799\">IP\u5206\u7247\u5206\u6790<\/a>\u300b \u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\uff0cTCP \u4f7f\u7528\u7684 MTU \u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7 3\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u53cc\u65b9\u7684MSS\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u53d1\u9001\u7684MSS\u662f\u7ed3\u5408\u81ea\u5df1\u7f51\u5361\u7684MTU\u8ddfARP\u8def\u7531\u8868\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u4e3b\u8981\u8bb2\u89e3\uff0c\u73b0\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u54ea\u4e9bMTU \u53d1\u73b0\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"913\" height=\"627\" src=\"https:\/\/www.xianwaizhiyin.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Data-Encapsulation-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-911\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u627e\u51fa\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5c0fMTU\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a MTU \u662fMAC \u5c42\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u4f20\u8f93\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8d85\u8fc7 MTU\uff0cIP\u5c42\u5c31\u4f1a\u5206\u7247\u3002\u5206\u7247\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u574f\u5904\uff1f\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u4f20\u8f93\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50.\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0fMTU\u662f 1500 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u59cb IP \u6570\u636e\u5305 \u957f\u5ea6 1800 \u5b57\u8282\uff08\u4e0d\u5305\u542bIP header\uff09\u3002\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u65f6\u5019IP\u5c42\u80fd\u5bb9\u7eb3\u7684body\u957f\u5ea6\u662f 1500-20 = 1480\uff0c\u51cf\u53bbIP \u5934\u90e8\uff0cIP \u5305\u7684body\u53ea\u80fd\u653e 1480 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4f1a\u62c6\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a IP \u5305\u53d1\u9001\uff0cIP\u5305 A\u662f\u7684body\u957f\u5ea6\u662f 1480 \u5b57\u8282\uff0cIP\u5305B \u7684body\u957f\u5ea6\u662f 320 \u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4f1a\u62c6\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a IP \u5305\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2aIP\u5305\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e22\u5931\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u5168\u90e8\u91cd\u4f20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5 IP \u5c42\u5206\u7247\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u7247\u4e22\u5931\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6240\u6709\u5206\u7247\u91cd\u4f20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u5229\u7528 MAC \u5c42\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u70b9\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bf4 \u5206\u7247\u4e86 \u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u5229\u7528 MAC \u5c42\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u666e\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff0cMTU \u662fMAC \u5c42\u9650\u5236\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u5c0f\u4f20\u8f93\u5355\u5143\u3002MAC \u5c42\u7684body\u6700\u591a\u80fd\u653e 1500 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u4f46\u662f \u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5305\u53ea\u653e\u4e86 320 \u5b57\u8282\u5c31\u53d1\u51fa\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e86 1180 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u70b9\u5728\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u592a\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u6700\u5c0f\u4f20\u8f93\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5143 \u4ece \u5317\u4eac\u5230\u4e0a\u6d77\uff0c\u8def\u5f84\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0cRTT \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u7279\u6d41\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u5ea6\u53ea\u80fd\u90a3\u4e48\u5feb\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7269\u7406\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u80fd\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5355\u5143\u518d\u53d1\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\uff0cMAC \u5c42\u6ca1\u6709ACK\u786e\u8ba4\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709 TCP \u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\uff0cMAC \u5c42\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u591a\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5355\u5143\u3002\u867d\u7136RTT \u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u7269\u7406\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u901a\u9053\u662f\u5f88\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u7eb3\u591a\u4e2a \u7f51\u7edc\u5355\u5143\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 IP\u5305A \u8ddfB\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u5230\u8fbe\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6ca1\u6ee11500\u5b57\u8282\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u53d1\u9001\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u5019\u6bd4\u8f83\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>google_ads_content<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Path MTU Discover \uff08\u8def\u5f84MTU\u53d1\u73b0\u673a\u5236\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 ICMP PTB \u6d88\u606f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u7528\u5728 windows + qt + msvc \u73af\u5883\u7528 udp \u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6a21\u62df \u53d1\u9001 1800 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5305\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8bbe\u7f6e IP\u5c42 \u7684DF \u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>linux udp \u8bbe\u7f6e IP header \u7684\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/questions\/63746617\/set-dont-fragment-flag-using-raw-sockets-for-udp\">Set Don't Fragment flag using raw sockets for UDP<\/a>\u300b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>UDP \u539f\u59cbsocket \u8bbe\u7f6e IP\u5c42 \u7684DF \u4f4d\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code class=\"prettyprint\" >SOCKET sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);\nint dontfragment = 1;\nif (setsockopt(sock,IPPROTO_IP,IP_DONTFRAGMENT,&amp;dontfragment,sizeof(dontfragment)) == -1) {\n    printf(&quot;set failed \\r\\n&quot;);\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b8c\u6574 qt \u9879\u76ee\u4e0b\u8f7d\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/pan.baidu.com\/s\/1hQSS4Kkre340mC61oAUXqQ\">\u767e\u5ea6\u7f51\u76d8<\/a>\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u7801\uff1alyop<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e windows \u7684 UDP \u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u5185\u90e8\u81ea\u5df1\u505a\u4e86\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 <code class=\"prettyprint\" >IP_DONTFRAGMENT<\/code>\uff0c\u53c8\u53d1\u9001 1800 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c<code>sendto()<\/code>\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de -1 \uff0c\u6ca1\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u592a\u597d\u6f14\u793a \u8def\u7531\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u7684 ICMP \u5305\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84MTU\u53d1\u73b0\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u53d1\u73b0 IP\u5305 \u7684DF \u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a1\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u5206\u7247\uff0c\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a ICMP PTB \u5305\u7ed9\u53d1\u9001\u7aef\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a ICMP PTB \u6709\u90a3\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684MTU\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>UDP scoket\u600e\u4e48\u62ff\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a ICMP PTB \u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u6211\u8fd8\u8981\u627e\u627e\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6709\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TCP \u662f\u5185\u90e8\u81ea\u5df1\u5904\u7406\u4e86 ICMP PTB \u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5728\u5185\u6838\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8865\u5145\uff1aICMP PTB \u7684MTU\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u66f4\u65b0\u5230 \u672c\u673a\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8868\uff0cTCP \u8bfb\u8def\u7531\u8868\u6570\u636e\u5b9e\u73b0\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574 MSS\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u534f\u8bae\u5c42\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u89e3\u8026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"830\" height=\"833\" src=\"https:\/\/www.xianwaizhiyin.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/pmtud-1-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-912\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>TCP \u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 IP \u5c42\u7684 DF \u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8fd4\u56de\u7684 ICMP PTB\u6d88\u606f\u6765\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574MTU\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u7531\u5404\u4e2a\u5382\u5bb6\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5382\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76f8\u5173\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u300aTCP\/IP\u8be6\u89e3\u5377\u4e00\u300b\u7b2c8\u7ae0<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u7b14\u8005\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u6709\u9650\uff0c 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[&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-909","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-protocol-primer"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v18.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u8def\u5f84MTU\u53d1\u73b0\u6280\u672f - \u5f26\u5916\u4e4b\u97f3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u8def\u5f84MTU\u53d1\u73b0\u6280\u672f\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.xianwaizhiyin.net\/?p=909\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u8def\u5f84MTU\u53d1\u73b0\u6280\u672f - \u5f26\u5916\u4e4b\u97f3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u8def\u5f84MTU\u53d1\u73b0\u6280\u672f\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.xianwaizhiyin.net\/?p=909\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u5f26\u5916\u4e4b\u97f3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-02-23T12:42:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-06-10T18:42:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.xianwaizhiyin.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Data-Encapsulation-1.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u4f5c\u8005\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"loken\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 \u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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